不得不說(shuō)，工業(yè)化是一個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必由之路，縱觀(guān)人類(lèi)發(fā)展的歷程，工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的變革與發(fā)展帶動(dòng)的是整個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷提升。雖說(shuō)我國(guó)工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展歷程僅有幾十年的時(shí)間，但其所創(chuàng)造的物質(zhì)財(cái)富大大超過(guò)以往各個(gè)時(shí)代的總和。從最初步入工業(yè)化時(shí)代開(kāi)始，我國(guó)的工業(yè)發(fā)展速度讓世界為之一驚，不僅建成了體系完整、產(chǎn)能巨大的工業(yè)體系，還成為了世界制造業(yè)第一大國(guó)和全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，成功探索出一條符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的工業(yè)化道路。
It has to be said that industrialization is the only way for the economic development of a country. Throughout the course of human development, the transformation and development of industrial automation has led to the continuous improvement of the whole social economy. Although the development of industrial automation in China is only a few decades, the material wealth created by China is far more than the sum of the previous eras.
黨的十九大報(bào)告指出，“推動(dòng)新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展”。自從我國(guó)在十六大上提出新型工業(yè)化的道路以來(lái)，新型工業(yè)化之路成為繼“工業(yè)4.0”之后的熱門(mén)詞匯之一。所謂新型工業(yè)化，就是堅(jiān)持以信息化帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化，以工業(yè)化促進(jìn)信息化，簡(jiǎn)而言之即科技含量高、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好、資源消耗低、環(huán)境污染少、人力資源優(yōu)勢(shì)得到充分發(fā)揮的工業(yè)化。近日，工業(yè)和信息化部總經(jīng)濟(jì)師王新哲提出“新時(shí)代工業(yè)發(fā)展需從五方面發(fā)力”，全方位闡述了新時(shí)代下的新型工業(yè)化發(fā)展之路。
The so-called new industrialization, is stick to drive industrialization by informationization, industrialization promotes informatization, in short the high technological content, good economic benefits, low resources consumption, little environmental pollution, human resources give full play to the industrialization. Recently, wang xinzhe, chief economist of the ministry of industry and information technology, put forward a new era of industrialization development in the new era.
立足五個(gè)點(diǎn)，邁向新道路
王新哲在《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》發(fā)表署名文章《新時(shí)代工業(yè)發(fā)展需從五方面發(fā)力》中指出，在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期低迷、深刻調(diào)整情況下，這樣的成績(jī)和局面確實(shí)值得欣慰和自豪。但是，我國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展不平衡不充分的問(wèn)題依然突出。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展已經(jīng)進(jìn)入新時(shí)代。新時(shí)代我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，就是要建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
•要著力增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展能力。創(chuàng)新是引領(lǐng)發(fā)展的第一動(dòng)力，要圍繞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈部署創(chuàng)新鏈，圍繞創(chuàng)新鏈配置資金鏈，協(xié)同配合、有序銜接，加快克服關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，突破產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸制約。
efforts should be made to enhance the capacity for innovation and development. Innovation is leading the first motive force in the development, deployment of innovation chain around industry chain, capital chain around innovation chain configuration, cooperate, in order to connect together, speed up to overcome the key core technology, break through the bottleneck of industrial development.
•要著力深化“兩個(gè)融合”。一是信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合，加快突破5G、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，搶占產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的制高點(diǎn)。二是軍民深度融合，在空天海洋、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、生命科學(xué)、核技術(shù)等關(guān)系未來(lái)的核心領(lǐng)域，培育一批戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。
deepen the "two integration". The first is the in-depth integration of informationization and industrialization, accelerating the breakthrough of key core technologies such as 5G and industrial Internet, and seizing the high ground of industrial development. The second is the deep integration of the military and the people, and the development of a number of strategic emerging industries in the core areas of the future, such as the sky, the sea, the information network, life science and nuclear technology.
•要著力提高產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。要深化實(shí)施增品種、提品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)品牌戰(zhàn)略，提升制造業(yè)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，促進(jìn)和支持企業(yè)瞄準(zhǔn)國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，加快技術(shù)、裝備和產(chǎn)品服務(wù)換代升級(jí)，形成優(yōu)質(zhì)多樣化的供給體系。還要推動(dòng)工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化、聚集化、高端化發(fā)展，培育形成一批具有核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)際知名的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)大師、有世界影響力的設(shè)計(jì)品牌。
To promote the industrial design industry specialization, gathered, high-end development, form a group with core competitiveness of the professional design agencies, international famous master of industrial design, has the world influence the design of the brand.
•要著力提升開(kāi)放合作水平。以開(kāi)放促發(fā)展，在國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作中成長(zhǎng)壯大，是我國(guó)制造業(yè)發(fā)展的重要法寶。要適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的新趨勢(shì)和我國(guó)發(fā)展更高層次開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)的戰(zhàn)略部署，深化“中國(guó)制造2025”國(guó)際對(duì)接合作，支持企業(yè)積極融入全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、價(jià)值鏈、創(chuàng)新鏈，優(yōu)化全球布局、打造全球品牌。
•要著力優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境。實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，關(guān)鍵在營(yíng)造有利于實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的環(huán)境。要強(qiáng)化放水養(yǎng)魚(yú)意識(shí)，深化“放管服”改革，最大限度降低制造業(yè)稅費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)，增強(qiáng)企業(yè)發(fā)展的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力和能力。
• efforts should be made to optimize the industrial development environment. To achieve high quality development, the key is to create an environment conducive to the real economy, especially the innovation and development of the manufacturing industry. We should strengthen the awareness of releasing water and raising fish, deepen the reform of "management and management", minimize the burden of manufacturing taxes and taxes, and enhance the endogenous power and capacity of enterprises to develop.
回首過(guò)往，一項(xiàng)全新的技術(shù)誕生，必將引發(fā)一個(gè)時(shí)代的重大變革，比如英國(guó)抓住第一次工業(yè)革命蒸汽機(jī)技術(shù)的機(jī)遇，率先實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化；美國(guó)抓住電氣技術(shù)變革的機(jī)遇，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛躍，成為世界強(qiáng)國(guó)。著眼當(dāng)下，影響工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的非信息技術(shù)莫屬。綜上所述，新型工業(yè)化道路的核心關(guān)鍵在于充分利用信息化技術(shù)等實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)智能化，做到與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，乃至彎道超車(chē)。
發(fā)展勢(shì)頭迅猛，關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題仍在
2017年在我國(guó)政府的大力推動(dòng)下，工業(yè)發(fā)展取得了巨大成效，但其中仍然存在發(fā)展不平衡不充分的想象。最為顯而易見(jiàn)的，當(dāng)屬工業(yè)整體發(fā)展水平的地域分布，由我國(guó)東部、中部、西部逐級(jí)降低的梯度差距。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于地理位置及資源配置等因素的制約，我國(guó)中西部地區(qū)大多以發(fā)展重工業(yè)為主，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度緩慢。為此，國(guó)家沒(méi)少在這上面下功夫，通過(guò)西氣東輸、西電東輸兩大重點(diǎn)工程平衡中西部地區(qū)與東部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展平衡，旨在充分利用中西部地區(qū)特有的資源加速發(fā)展。
To that end, countries are not less in this work, through the west to east gas pipeline, China lost two key project balance in the central and western regions and the eastern region of the balance of economic development, to make full use of the special resources to accelerate the development of the central and western regions.
不僅如此，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡亦是我國(guó)目前面臨的較大問(wèn)題之一，例如當(dāng)下的鋼鐵、石化、建材等行業(yè)的低水平產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩，而高端產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不夠，關(guān)鍵裝備、核心零部件和基礎(chǔ)軟件等依賴(lài)進(jìn)口和外資企業(yè)的現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重。以芯片制造產(chǎn)業(yè)為例，國(guó)產(chǎn)芯片雖已逐漸步入正軌，但原材料依賴(lài)進(jìn)口率高達(dá)90％，作為新型工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，不由得讓業(yè)內(nèi)人士為之著急。
【此文章原創(chuàng)來(lái)自于158機(jī)床網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處】
