中國(guó)這幾年信息化的發(fā)展已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)很多概念和熱點(diǎn)，從云計(jì)算到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，智慧城市到大數(shù)據(jù)，到現(xiàn)在的人工智能這一波熱浪。這些熱浪一定要落地下來(lái)，為制造業(yè)服務(wù)。對(duì)于中國(guó)人工智能的發(fā)展而言，最重要的問(wèn)題還是要解決中國(guó)的制造業(yè)發(fā)展問(wèn)題。如果制造業(yè)的智能化上不去，中國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的脊梁就不夠堅(jiān)實(shí)。
the second year of the invention of commercial electronic computers, a company in the United States developed a numerical control device to develop the first three-coordinate CNC milling machine. Although the milling machine is bulky and expensive, it opens up a new era of digital control. In 1958, the United States developed the first processing center.
首先需要理解，什么是智能制造？按照百科定義，智能是指獲取知識(shí)和技巧一種能力。而“人工智能”現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一定義。這個(gè)概念，早在1952年就由圖靈提了出來(lái)。現(xiàn)在，很多人把人工智能的解釋?zhuān)渥釉絹?lái)越長(zhǎng)，講的越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，最后大家都搞不清楚到底什么是人工智能了。其實(shí)，人工智能簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，就是人賦予機(jī)器的職能。具體地說(shuō)，就是通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)的硬件和軟件，尤其是各種軟件，給機(jī)器賦予了智能，讓機(jī)器可以感受環(huán)境，意識(shí)到環(huán)境的變化，進(jìn)一步為決策者提供建議，拓展了人的智能，甚至在事前授權(quán)的情況下自主做出決定。
First you need to understand, what is intelligent manufacturing? By definition, intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge and skills. There is no unified definition of "artificial intelligence". This concept, as far back as 1952, has been drawn up. now
如果說(shuō)智能是指獲取知識(shí)和技能的一種能力，無(wú)可否認(rèn)的是，正是這些計(jì)算機(jī)輔助系統(tǒng)和工業(yè)軟件為制造業(yè)帶來(lái)了智能。因此，智能制造，簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)就是計(jì)算機(jī)制造，無(wú)需加上太多的修飾和太復(fù)雜的定義。
電腦比人腦更強(qiáng)大之處，不完全在于其強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算能力和存儲(chǔ)量，關(guān)鍵是其中運(yùn)行的軟件。如果沒(méi)有軟件，計(jì)算機(jī)也就是一堆金屬塑料。以此為基礎(chǔ)，可以看看制造業(yè)信息化的發(fā)展，實(shí)際上也可以理解智能制造演進(jìn)的三個(gè)階段。
制造業(yè)信息化的發(fā)展，主要是圍繞著企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)行而展開(kāi)。首先是企業(yè)內(nèi)部信息化，見(jiàn)圖1。這包括“四化一再造”，也就是研發(fā)信息化、產(chǎn)品信息化、生產(chǎn)信息化、管理信息化以及業(yè)務(wù)流程和組織再造。其中產(chǎn)品信息化，主要是指帶有嵌入式系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品，其復(fù)雜程度各不相同。理解產(chǎn)品信息化，對(duì)理解當(dāng)下的智能制造，非常重要。
The first is enterprise internal informatization, as shown in figure 1. This includes "four modernizations", namely, research and development informatization, product informatization, production informatization, management informatization, and business process and organizational reconstruction. The product informatization, mainly refers to the product with embedded system, its complexity degree is different. Understanding product informationization is very important for understanding the current intelligent manufacturing.
與此同時(shí)，企業(yè)還有一個(gè)上游供應(yīng)鏈和下游社會(huì)關(guān)系的問(wèn)題，上游包括原材料、零部件、裝備和人員招聘等，下游則與銷(xiāo)售、銀行、客戶關(guān)系等相關(guān)聯(lián)。這些屬于企業(yè)的外部信息化問(wèn)題。
At the same time, the enterprise has a supply chain upstream and downstream the problem of social relations, including upstream raw materials, spare parts, equipment and personnel recruitment and so on, the downstream is associated with sales, Banks, such as customer relationship. These are the external information problems of enterprises.
企業(yè)的內(nèi)部業(yè)務(wù)和外部業(yè)務(wù)，構(gòu)成了企業(yè)信息化最基本的內(nèi)涵。企業(yè)信息化最早就是從數(shù)字化開(kāi)始的。計(jì)算機(jī)剛剛發(fā)明的時(shí)候，本來(lái)是做科學(xué)計(jì)算的，很快就被用來(lái)做業(yè)務(wù)處理，提升管理效果。這是一個(gè)從下往上發(fā)展的過(guò)程，開(kāi)始是做一些數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，如財(cái)務(wù)管理，包括一些統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表處理；隨后，逐漸上升到管理層，也就是開(kāi)發(fā)管理信息系統(tǒng)（MIS），從財(cái)務(wù)管理、人事管理，到生產(chǎn)管理，一層層往上走；最后，上升到了決策層和開(kāi)發(fā)決策信息系統(tǒng)（DSS）。企業(yè)信息化，一開(kāi)始就是處在數(shù)字化時(shí)期。
However, the use of computers to transform the production equipment of an enterprise is actually much earlier than the management information system. In 1952, the second year of the invention of commercial electronic computers, a company in the United States developed a numerical control device to develop the first three-coordinate CNC milling machine. Although the milling machine is bulky and expensive, it opens up a new era of digital control. In 1958, the United States developed the first processing center.
然而，利用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)改造企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)裝備，實(shí)際上比管理信息系統(tǒng)起步還要早。1952年，即商用電子計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)明的第二年，美國(guó)就有一家公司設(shè)計(jì)了一套數(shù)控裝置，開(kāi)發(fā)了第一臺(tái)三坐標(biāo)數(shù)控銑床。盡管這個(gè)銑床體積很大，造價(jià)也很高，但是開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)數(shù)字控制的新時(shí)代。1958年，美國(guó)研制出第一臺(tái)加工中心。這意味著，計(jì)算機(jī)改變制造業(yè)的時(shí)代，正式拉開(kāi)了帷幕。隨后，隨著第一個(gè)微處理芯片的發(fā)明，各種各樣、數(shù)以?xún)|計(jì)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始嵌入到各種裝備、各種產(chǎn)品當(dāng)中去。制造業(yè)開(kāi)始走向以數(shù)字制造技術(shù)為核心的計(jì)算機(jī)控制時(shí)代，當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)叫做機(jī)電一體化。“機(jī)電一體化”這個(gè)提法沒(méi)有完全點(diǎn)到問(wèn)題的本質(zhì)，那就是計(jì)算機(jī)控制。
The manufacturing industry began to move towards the era of computer control centered on digital manufacturing technology, which was called mechatronics. "Electromechanical integration" is not the essence of the problem, which is computer control.This means that the era of computer change manufacturing has officially begun. Then, with the invention of the first microprocessor chip, various and billions of embedded systems began to be embedded in various devices and products.
【此文章原創(chuàng)來(lái)自于158機(jī)床網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處】
