如果說制造業(yè)是國家的基礎(chǔ)和命脈，那機(jī)床則是制造業(yè)的重中之重。沒有機(jī)床，就沒有電掣風(fēng)馳的高鐵；沒有機(jī)床，就沒有鷹擊長空的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)；沒有機(jī)床，就沒有飄洋遠(yuǎn)行的航母。
If manufacturing is the foundation and lifeblood of the state, the machine tool is the top priority in manufacturing. Without machine tools, there is no high-speed rail. Without the machine tool, there would be no eagles flying fighter; Without machine tools, there would be no flying carriers.
但是一直以來，我國的機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)都走著一條極為艱難的道路。
But the machine tool industry in our country has been taking a very difficult road.
我國的工業(yè)起步晚、技術(shù)落后，而且?guī)缀跏窃谝桓F二白的境況之下開始的，機(jī)床也在其中。
1958年，在蘇聯(lián)的援助之下，我國研制出了第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床，從此開始數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展之路。到了六十年代，歐美對(duì)中國進(jìn)行技術(shù)封鎖，蘇聯(lián)也停止對(duì)中國的援助，機(jī)床行業(yè)依靠著自立更生發(fā)展出十八家骨干企業(yè)，也就是后來的機(jī)床行業(yè)“十八羅漢”。
In 1958, with the aid of the Soviet union, China developed the first CNC machine tool and began the development of CNC machine tools. In the 60 s, Europe and the United States to China technology blockade, the Soviet union also stop aid to China, rely on the machine tool industry develop self-reliance 18 backbone enterprises, which became "18 arhats" machine tool industry.
These 18 enterprises quietly supported the development of the whole equipment manufacturing industry and industry in China at that time. By the end of 1965, these enterprises had accumulated 26 kinds of high-precision precision machine tools.
這十八家企業(yè)默默支撐著我國當(dāng)時(shí)整個(gè)裝備制造業(yè)乃至工業(yè)的發(fā)展，到1965年底，這些企業(yè)累計(jì)掌握的高精度精密機(jī)床品種達(dá)26種。
到了改革開放以后，先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和機(jī)床流入中國，受外來技術(shù)的沖擊，原本落后的機(jī)床技術(shù)已經(jīng)不能滿足生產(chǎn)需要。十八家企業(yè)經(jīng)歷了破產(chǎn)、兼并、重組，外資企業(yè)在中國建廠，民營機(jī)床企業(yè)也正式進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。
After the reform and opening up, the advanced technology and machine tools flowed into China, which was affected by the foreign technology, and the outdated machine tool technology could not meet the production needs. Eighteen enterprises have experienced bankruptcy, merger and reorganization, and foreign enterprises have established factories in China, and private machine tool enterprises have entered the market.
事實(shí)上，雖然這些機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的國家在中國賺的捧滿缽滿，但是真正的核心技術(shù)卻一直禁止出口到中國。比如用于加工哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡鏡面的超精密機(jī)床，1990年已經(jīng)制造出來，而這種機(jī)床對(duì)于加工航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)葉面卓卓有余，然而20年后的今天，中國企業(yè)還在苦苦探索。
再比如控制器，控制器是數(shù)控機(jī)床的核心，相當(dāng)于電腦的CPU，是制造數(shù)控機(jī)床的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。然而目前，以日本FANUC和德國SIEMENS為首的控制器巨頭的產(chǎn)品壟斷市場(chǎng)80％以上，高端產(chǎn)品不僅壟斷，而且限制中國進(jìn)口。日本人稱“沒有日本的機(jī)床，中國的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)將寸步難行。中國對(duì)日本的依賴只會(huì)越來越加強(qiáng)而不會(huì)越來越削弱。這就意味著“日本越來越有能力控制中國”。這些話雖然有些狂妄，但中國在工業(yè)產(chǎn)生領(lǐng)域的弱項(xiàng)卻是事實(shí)。
These countries still have some old routines, in China also produce five-axis machine tools, only sell three axis machine tools in China, when China developed five-axis machine tools, their five-axis machine tools immediately dumping in China. In this way, the high-end machine tool technology is not allowed to enter China, which hinders the development of Chinese machine tool enterprises.
這些國家還有一些慣用套路，在中國還生產(chǎn)不出五軸機(jī)床的時(shí)候，只在中國賣三軸機(jī)床，當(dāng)中國研發(fā)出五軸機(jī)床的時(shí)候，他們的五軸機(jī)床立刻在中國傾銷。這樣一來既禁止了高端機(jī)床技術(shù)進(jìn)入中國，又阻礙了中國機(jī)床企業(yè)的發(fā)展。
If manufacturing is the foundation and lifeblood of the state, the machine tool is the top priority in manufacturing. Without machine tools, there is no high-speed rail. Without the machine tool, there would be no eagles flying fighter; Without machine tools, there would be no flying carriers.
可以說，中國機(jī)床企業(yè)一直在夾縫中生存。不僅高端機(jī)床和技術(shù)被限制進(jìn)口，而且市場(chǎng)也在被外來企業(yè)不斷蠶食中。
中國的高端機(jī)床市場(chǎng)，一直被日本的FANUC、MAZAK、大隈、牧野，德國的DMG、哈默，美國的哈斯這樣的國際一線機(jī)械生產(chǎn)企業(yè)憑借著頂級(jí)的技術(shù)和一流的品質(zhì)牢牢把控；而在中低端市場(chǎng)，臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的麗馳、友嘉、東臺(tái)、臺(tái)中精機(jī)等又成為大陸企業(yè)最強(qiáng)的對(duì)手。
It can be said that Chinese machine tool enterprises have been living in the cracks. Not only are high-end machine tools and technology restricted to imports, but the market is also being eroded by foreign companies.
【此文章原創(chuàng)來自于158機(jī)床網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處】
