前段時(shí)間小編在本網(wǎng)發(fā)布《如何制造出更高一級(jí)精度的機(jī)床之“絕對(duì)平面”篇》之后，獲得了不少熱心網(wǎng)友的評(píng)論。于是乎小編在整理了更多相關(guān)資料后，為大家奉上《如何制造出更高一級(jí)精度的機(jī)床之“測(cè)量?jī)x器”篇》，就機(jī)床制造過(guò)程中涉及到的測(cè)量問(wèn)題進(jìn)行闡述，如有不足，歡迎廣大網(wǎng)友進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。
Some time ago, xiao xiaobian in our website "how to create a higher precision machine tool" absolute plane "after a number of enthusiastic comments. So small make up after finishing more related information to you on how to create a higher accuracy of machine tool "measuring instrument" article ", is involved in the process of machine tool manufacturing elaborates the
測(cè)量在機(jī)床制造的過(guò)程中可謂是貫穿全程，無(wú)論是配件制造、機(jī)床組裝，還是檢測(cè)精度、安裝調(diào)試，都離不開(kāi)測(cè)量這一環(huán)節(jié)。在測(cè)量中，任何一種測(cè)量的精密程度高低都只能是相對(duì)的，皆不可能達(dá)到絕對(duì)精確，總會(huì)存在有各種原因?qū)е碌恼`差。要使測(cè)量結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確可靠、盡量減少誤差，提高測(cè)量精度，就必須充分認(rèn)識(shí)測(cè)量?jī)x器的重要性。
precision. There will always be errors caused by various reasons. In order to make the measurement result accurate and reliable, minimize the error and improve the measurement precision, the importance of measuring instrument must be fully recognized.
要設(shè)計(jì)制造一臺(tái)比現(xiàn)有精度更高的機(jī)床，零部件肯定得用現(xiàn)有的機(jī)床制造。從設(shè)計(jì)之初，就要考慮到各部分的公差跟配合，應(yīng)力和變形，以及熱影響和磨損，只要有圖紙，想盡辦法造出零件，合理裝配就不是難事了。要從現(xiàn)有機(jī)床所加工出的零件中，挑選出符合更高要求的零件產(chǎn)品，這就需要人借助高級(jí)量具，選擇出那些零件，來(lái)裝配出更高精度等級(jí)的機(jī)床。
It has been reported that tsinghua university has designed and installed an optical mirror ultra-precision processing machine tool, which can process optical mirrors up to 880mm in diameter. They produced a surface roughness of 5 nanometres and a diameter of 400 millimetres on hard aluminium, and a non-spherical surface with a diameter of 100 millimetres and a surface
曾有報(bào)道稱(chēng)，看到清華大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)裝配了一個(gè)光學(xué)鏡面超精密加工機(jī)床，最大能加工直徑為880毫米的光學(xué)鏡面。他們?cè)谟蹭X上加工出了表面粗糙度5納米，直徑400毫米球面，用無(wú)氧銅加工出了直徑100毫米，表面粗糙度8納米的非球形面。注意，這里表面粗糙度的單位是只有微米千分之一的納米了，8納米只相當(dāng)于20個(gè)水分子一字排開(kāi)那么長(zhǎng)。能夠加工出表面粗糙度如此精細(xì)的球面，這其中一定離不開(kāi)各類(lèi)高端精密檢測(cè)儀器的輔助。
隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步，越來(lái)越多的精密檢測(cè)儀器開(kāi)始在機(jī)床領(lǐng)域大顯神威。有觀點(diǎn)稱(chēng)“檢測(cè)工具決定精度極限”，只有更高一級(jí)的測(cè)量工具，才能檢測(cè)出機(jī)床零件和機(jī)床加工成品的精度。只有機(jī)床各部分零件的精度都得到提升，所組裝起來(lái)的機(jī)床精度才會(huì)更上一層樓，這是得到一臺(tái)更高精度機(jī)床的根本所在。
With the progress of The Times, more and more precision testing instruments began to show great power in the field of machine tools. It is said that "testing tools determine the precision limit". Only a higher measuring tool can detect the precision of machine tool parts and machine tool processed products. Only when the precision of each part of the machine tool is improved, the precision of the machine tool assembled will be further improved
有了高精度的零件，還需要精準(zhǔn)的裝配才行。作為一臺(tái)機(jī)床，假設(shè)它的加工精度在萬(wàn)分之一毫米級(jí)別的情況下，那機(jī)床的零件本身誤差是要控制在十萬(wàn)分之一毫米的，最后在裝配過(guò)程中一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)的由裝配工人調(diào)試裝配好。裝配是一個(gè)很漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，可能在一個(gè)零件上就要拆裝幾十遍，裝完檢測(cè)，不合格再返工，再檢測(cè)，再返工，直至最后檢測(cè)通過(guò)，再進(jìn)行下一步零件的安裝。等到所有零件都裝配完畢后，還要進(jìn)行整機(jī)檢測(cè)，如果精度達(dá)不到，又要重復(fù)枯雜無(wú)味而不得不細(xì)心謹(jǐn)慎的檢測(cè)工作。
assuming its machining accuracy in the case of one over ten thousand of a millimeter level, the error is to control the machine tool parts itself in one over one hundred thousand of a millimeter, the last bit by bit in the process of assembly debugging assembled by assembly workers. Assembly is a very slow process, which may be on a part to dissect dozens of times, complete the testing, unqualified to rework again, again detection, rework again, until the
當(dāng)以上所有步驟都完成后，我們才能通過(guò)更多其他的“手段”來(lái)進(jìn)一步提升機(jī)床精度，而這些“手段”或多或少也離不開(kāi)“測(cè)量”一詞。例如光柵尺、機(jī)床測(cè)頭、激光干涉儀等設(shè)備，都是通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量來(lái)提升機(jī)床的精度，從而使得加工出來(lái)的物品精度達(dá)到更高要求。
testing, unqualified to rework again, again detection, rework again, until the last test pass, then the next step the installation of parts. After all the parts are assembled, the whole machine shall be tested. If the accuracy cannot be reached, the inspection work shall be repeated, dull and dull, and careful and careful.
【此文章原創(chuàng)來(lái)自于158機(jī)床網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處】
